Ramana Maharshi

Ramana Maharshi, born Venkataraman Iyer in 1879, was an Indian sage renowned for his profound spiritual teachings and simple life dedicated to self-inquiry and devotion to the sacred hill of Arunachala. His teachings emphasized the practice of self-inquiry (“Who am I?”) and the realization of the true self as the ultimate goal of life. Living most of his life at Arunachala in Tamil Nadu, Ramana Maharshi drew seekers from all over the world, influencing numerous spiritual traditions and leaving a lasting legacy on global spirituality.

Early Life and Awakening

Birth and Childhood

Venkataraman Iyer was born on December 30, 1879, in Tiruchuzhi, a village in Tamil Nadu, India. His parents, Sundaram Iyer and Alagammal, were devout Brahmins. From a young age, Venkataraman exhibited a contemplative nature, but nothing initially indicated his future as a great spiritual teacher.

Spiritual Awakening

At the age of 16, a pivotal and transformative experience changed Venkataraman’s life. In 1896, he was overcome by an intense fear of death. Lying down, he simulated the experience of death by rigor mortis, concluding that his true nature was not the body but the self, which is beyond physical existence. This profound realization marked the beginning of his spiritual journey.

Journey to Arunachala

Departure from Home

Soon after his awakening, Venkataraman felt an irresistible pull towards Arunachala, a sacred hill in Tamil Nadu. In late 1896, he left his home and traveled to Tiruvannamalai, where Arunachala is located. His departure was sudden, and he left behind his family and all worldly possessions.

Life at Arunachala

Upon arriving at Arunachala, Venkataraman took residence in the temple precincts and later in various caves on the hill. He adopted a life of profound simplicity, renouncing all material possessions and dedicating himself to meditation and self-inquiry. During these early years, he often remained in silence, deeply absorbed in the inner realization of the self.

The Emergence of a Sage

Recognition as Ramana Maharshi

As word of the young sage’s presence spread, devotees began to gather around him. He came to be known as Ramana Maharshi. The title “Maharshi” means “great seer” and was bestowed upon him by his growing number of followers.

Teaching Through Silence and Words

Ramana Maharshi’s primary mode of teaching was through the powerful presence of silence, which he considered the most potent form of instruction. However, he also engaged in verbal teachings, emphasizing the practice of self-inquiry with the central question, “Who am I?” He taught that by persistently questioning the nature of the self, one could realize the true self, which is pure awareness.

Establishment of the Ashram

Sri Ramanasramam

As the number of devotees increased, an ashram gradually formed around Ramana Maharshi. Sri Ramanasramam, located at the foot of Arunachala, became a spiritual center where seekers from around the world came to receive his guidance. The ashram continues to be a place of pilgrimage and spiritual practice.

Daily Life and Practices

Ramana Maharshi maintained a simple and austere lifestyle. He spent his days engaged in meditation, silent communion, and interacting with visitors. His presence radiated peace and equanimity, profoundly impacting those who came into contact with him.

Influence and Legacy

Notable Disciples and Patrons

Ramana Maharshi’s influence extended far beyond his immediate surroundings. Among his notable disciples were:

• Sivaprakasam Pillai: One of the earliest devotees who documented Ramana’s teachings.
• Paul Brunton: A British philosopher whose writings and book ‘A Search In Secret India’ introduced Ramana Maharshi to the Western world.
• Annamalai Swami: A dedicated disciple who played a significant role in building the ashram.
• Major Chadwick (Sadhu Arunachala): An English devotee who lived at the ashram and contributed to spreading Ramana’s teachings globally.

Contribution to Spiritual Thought

Ramana Maharshi’s teachings transcended religious boundaries, appealing to seekers of truth from various backgrounds. His emphasis on direct experience and inner realization influenced many contemporary spiritual movements and thinkers. The practice of self-inquiry, central to his teachings, continues to be a cornerstone in various spiritual traditions.

Anecdotes and Miracles

Numerous anecdotes highlight Ramana Maharshi’s compassion and spiritual insight. One such story involves his response to a devotee’s question about how to treat others. Ramana replied, “There are no others,” encapsulating his profound realization of non-duality.

Passing and Continuing Influence

Ramana Maharshi attained Mahasamadhi (the final departure of a realized soul) on April 14, 1950. His physical departure did not diminish the impact of his teachings, which continue to inspire countless individuals seeking spiritual enlightenment.